Fred Smith wrote in an undergraduate term paper at Yale. At the time, freight shippers used the existing passenger route system. Smith stated a system is needed designed specifically for airfreight.
His professor gave him a “’D” for the paper and deemed unrealistic.
In 1971 he purchased a plane from Arkansas Aviation and today Federal Express exists.
It was the “D” moment that transformed the airfreight marketplace and unleashed a momentum shift across the industry.